Implant sleeve for cement hip stems

ABSTRACT

An implant sleeve operable to center an implant at an implantation site. The implant sleeve includes a proximal end, a distal end, an annular sidewall, a mesh portion of the annular sidewall, and an interior area. The annular sidewall is between the proximal end and the distal end. The mesh portion defines a plurality of openings in the annular sidewall. The interior area is defined by the annular sidewall and is configured to receive a stem of the implant. A longitudinal axis of the implant sleeve extends along an axial center of the interior area. In response to force applied to the implant sleeve, the implant sleeve compresses and the mesh portion expands outward from the longitudinal axis.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to implant sleeves for positioningorthopedic implants at an implant site.

BACKGROUND

This section provides background information related to the presentdisclosure which is not necessarily prior art.

During implantation of an implant, it is often desirable to center theimplant at an implantation site. For example, it is often desirable tocenter a hip stem in an intramedullary canal of a femur prior tofixation, such as with bone cement. While current centering devices andmethods are suitable, they are subject to improvement.

SUMMARY

This section provides a general summary of the disclosure, and is not acomprehensive disclosure of its full scope or all of its features.

The present teachings provide for an implant sleeve operable to centeran implant at an implantation site. The implant sleeve includes a firstend, a second end, a shaped outer sidewall, a mesh portion of thesidewall, and an interior area. The outer sidewall is between the firstend and the second end. The mesh portion defines a plurality of openingsin the outer sidewall. The interior area is encompassed by the sidewalland is configured to receive a stem of the implant. A longitudinal axisof the implant sleeve extends along an axial center of the interiorarea. In response to force applied to the implant sleeve, the implantsleeve compresses and the mesh portion expands outward from thelongitudinal axis.

The present teachings further provide for an implant sleeve operable tocenter an implant at an implantation site. The implant sleeve includes arigid first end portion at a first end of the implant sleeve, an annularsidewall extending from the rigid first end portion to a second end ofthe implant sleeve, and a rigid second end portion at the second end ofthe implant sleeve. The annular sidewall defines an interior area of theimplant sleeve that is configured to receive a stem of the implant. Anaperture is defined by one of the rigid first end portion and the rigidsecond end portion. The aperture is configured to receive a fastenerthere through to secure the implant sleeve to the stem. A mesh portionforms a portion of the annular sidewall between the rigid first endportion and the rigid second end portion, the mesh portion expandsoutward from a longitudinal axis of the interior area in response to acompression force applied to one of the rigid first end portion or therigid second end portion.

The present teachings further provide for a method for centering a stemof an implant at an implantation site. The method includes thefollowing: implanting at the implantation site the implant having asleeve rigidly mounted to the stem of the implant, the stem extendsthrough an interior area of the sleeve; and compressing the sleeve byapplying force to the sleeve to expand a mesh portion of the sleeveoutward from the stem and into engagement with sidewalls of theimplantation site to thereby center the stem at the implantation site.

Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the descriptionprovided herein. The description and specific examples in this summaryare intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended tolimit the scope of the present disclosure.

DRAWINGS

The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only ofselected embodiments and not all possible implementations, and are notintended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

FIG. 1 is a side view of an implant sleeve according to the presentteachings;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the implant sleeve of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the implant sleeve of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a side view of an additional implant sleeve according to thepresent teachings;

FIG. 5A illustrates the detail of area 5A of FIG. 2, and a threadedfastening device configured to cooperate with a threaded aperture of theimplant sleeve;

FIG. 5B is similar to FIG. 5A, but the aperture and fastening device areunthreaded;

FIG. 6 is a side view of the implant sleeve of FIG. 1 mounted on afemoral implant;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the implant sleeve of FIG. 1 mountedon the femoral implant;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a femur, the femoral implant withthe implant sleeve mounted thereto is seated in an intramedullary canalof the femur;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a compression tool;

FIG. 10 illustrates the implant sleeve compressed with the compressiontool to move the implant sleeve to an expanded position;

FIG. 11 illustrates the femoral implant with the implant sleeve mountedthereto secured in the intramedullary canal with bone cement;

FIG. 12 illustrates the femoral implant with the implant sleeve mountedthereto secured at the isthmus of the intramedullary canal without bonecement;

FIG. 13 is a side view of the implant sleeve mounted on another femoralimplant, the implant sleeve configured to be compressed from a distalend thereof by a retraction rod of the implant;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the femur, the femoral implant andimplant sleeve of FIG. 13 are implanted in the intramedullary canaldistal to the isthmus;

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of another implant sleeve according to thepresent teachings;

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 16-16 of FIG. 15; and

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the implant sleeve of FIG. 15mounted on a femoral implant stem and implanted in the femur.

Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughoutthe several views of the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference tothe accompanying drawings.

With initial reference to FIGS. 1-3, an implant sleeve according to thepresent teachings is illustrated at reference numeral 10. The implantsleeve 10 is generally tube-shaped, and thus defines an interior area 12(FIGS. 2 and 3). The implant sleeve 10 includes a first end 14 and asecond end 16. For example and as described herein, the first end 14 canbe a proximal end and the second end 16 can be a distal end. At theproximal end 14 is an annular flange 18. An annular sidewall 20 extendsfrom the annular flange 18 to the distal end 16. A longitudinal axis Aof the implant sleeve 10 extends along an axial center of the interiorarea 12 between the proximal end 14 and the distal end 16. Although thesleeve 10 is illustrated and discussed to generally include an annulartube shape, the sleeve 10 may include or define any appropriate shape.The implant sleeve 10 can be made of any suitable biocompatible metal,such as cobalt chrome, titanium, steel, or shape memory alloys (such asNitinol™). The implant sleeve 10 can also be made of a suitablenon-metal, such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyethylene, or asuitable resorbable polymer,

The annular flange 18 generally includes a proximal flange surface 22, adistal flange surface 24 that is opposite to the proximal flange surface22, an outer flange surface 26, and an inner flange surface 28 that isopposite to the outer flange surface 26. The annular flange 18 is rigidand cannot be compressed or expanded by force typically applied by handor with instruments in the operating room. The inner flange surface 28defines the interior area 12 at the proximal end 14. The annular flange18 has a greater outer diameter than an outer diameter of the annularsidewall 20. As a result, the annular flange 18 extends a greaterdistance outward from the longitudinal axis A than the annular sidewall20 does. The distal flange surface 24 thus overhangs the annularsidewall 20, as illustrated in FIG. 1 for example. The annular flange 18can alternatively be flush with the annular sidewall 20 so that it doesnot extend beyond the annular sidewall 20.

The annular sidewall 20 includes an inner sidewall surface 30 and anouter sidewall surface 32 that is opposite to the inner sidewall surface30. The inner sidewall surface 30 defines the interior area 12 from theannular flange 18 to the distal end 16 to be generally cylindrical. Theannular sidewall 20 can be tapered from the annular flange 18 at theproximal end 14 to the distal end 16, as illustrated. Thus, the taper ofthe interior area 12 can correspond to a taper of an implant stem. Theannular sidewall 20 and interior area 12 can be linear (not tapered) toaccommodate a linear implant stem.

The annular sidewall 20 further includes a first mesh portion 34, asecond mesh portion 36, an intermediate sidewall portion 38, and adistal sidewall portion 40. The distal sidewall portion 40 is at thedistal end 16. The intermediate sidewall portion 38 is generally midwaybetween the annular flange 18 and the distal sidewall portion 40 of theannular sidewall 20. The first mesh portion 34 is between the annularflange 18 and the intermediate sidewall portion 38. The second meshportion 36 is between the intermediate sidewall portion 38 and thedistal sidewall portion 40.

At the first mesh portion 34 and the second mesh portion 36, the annularsidewall 20 defines a plurality of openings 42 a that extend completelythrough the annular sidewall 20 between the outer sidewall surface 32and the inner sidewall surface 30. The openings 42 a can be any suitableshape and size to permit compression of the implant sleeve 10 in anysuitable manner, such as along or proximate to the longitudinal axis A,and result in expansion of the first mesh portion 34 and the second meshportion 36 outward and away from the longitudinal axis A, as describedfurther herein. For example and as illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, theopenings 42 a can be provided in the form of a lattice structure withgenerally uniform and adjacent diamond-shaped openings of any suitablesize, such as from about 0.25 mm to about 5.0 mm, such as about 1.0 mm.With additional reference to FIG. 4, the first mesh portion 34 and thesecond mesh portion 36 can each define openings 42 b, which aregenerally spaced apart slots extending proximally to distally. Forexample and as illustrated, the slots may define a diamond shape. Theopenings 42 b can be spaced-apart at any suitable distance, such as fromabout 0.10 mm to about 1.0 mm, such as about 0.5 mm, and can be of anysuitable size, such as from about 0.25 mm to about 5.0 mm, such as about1.0 mm or about 2.0 mm.

The first and second mesh portions 34 and 36 can also be provided withopenings 42 of any other suitable size and shape, such as circular,hexagonal, octagonal, parallelogram, or rhombus shaped openings. Theshape can be selected depending on the degree of retention force or gripdesired between the implant sleeve 10 and surrounding bone. For example,upon compression of the implant sleeve 10 (as described herein), diamondshaped openings will have sharper edges to more securely engagesurrounding bone as compared to, for example, circular openings.Hexagonal and octagonal shaped openings will often provide greaterretention force than circular openings, but less than diamond shapedopenings.

The intermediate sidewall portion 38 does not define or include openingstherein, and cannot be compressed or expanded by force typically appliedby hand in the operating room. The intermediate sidewall portion 38 canbe located equidistant between the annular flange 18 and the distalsidewall portion 40 as illustrated. The intermediate sidewall portion 38can also be at any other suitable location between the annular flange 18and the distal sidewall portion 40, which would result in a change inrelative length of the first mesh portion 34 with respect to the secondmesh portion 36. The annular sidewall 20 may include multipleintermediate sidewall portions 38 spaced apart along the annularsidewall 20 with mesh portions similar to the first mesh portion 34 andthe second mesh portion 36 therebetween. The intermediate sidewallportion 38 is optional. If the intermediate sidewall portion 38 is notincluded, then the first mesh portion 34 and the second mesh portion 36can be combined into a single mesh portion that extends from the annularflange 18 to the distal sidewall portion 40 of the annular sidewall 20.

The distal sidewall portion 40 of the annular sidewall 20 is at thedistal end 16 of the implant sleeve 10. The distal sidewall portion 40does not define or include openings 42 therein, and is not compressibleor expandable with a force typically applied by hand or with instrumentsin the operating room. As illustrated, the distal sidewall portion 40does not extend beyond an outer diameter of the outer sidewall surface32 and is thus flush with the outer sidewall surface 32. The distalsidewall portion 40 can include a flange similar to the annular flange18 at the proximal end 14, which extends beyond an outer diameter of atleast a portion of the second mesh portion 36.

The distal sidewall portion 40 may define an aperture 44 a that extendsentirely through the distal sidewall portion 40 between the innersidewall surface 30 and the outer sidewall surface 32 of the annularsidewall 20. The aperture 44 a can be any suitable shape or size toreceive a fastener suitable to secure the implant sleeve 10 to a stem ofan implant. As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 5A, the aperture 44 a iscircular and includes internal threads 46, which are configured tocooperate with a threaded fastener 48. As illustrated in FIG. 5B, theaperture 44 b can be unthreaded to receive unthreaded fastener pin 50.

Implant sleeve 10 can be manufactured in any suitable manner using anysuitable manufacturing device and/or technique, such as wire electricaldischarge machining, laser cutting, furnace brazing, fusion bonding, EOSlaser sintering, and rapid metal prototyping. For example, the implantsleeve 10 can be formed from a solid metal tube using wire electricaldischarge machining to cut completely through the annular sidewall 20 toform the openings 42 a and 42 b therein, as well as the apertures 44 aand 44 b. Also, lattice material defining the openings 42 can beconnected, such as by welding, to the annular flange 18 and the distalsidewall portion 40.

FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate the implant sleeve 10 mounted to a femoralimplant 110 at a stem 112 of the implant 110. The stem 112 is insertedinto the interior area 12 of the femoral implant 110 such that a distaltip 114 of the stem 112 extends beyond the distal end 16 of the implantsleeve 10. If the implant sleeve 10 is provided with aperture 44 a, thenthreaded fastener 48 can be threaded into and through the aperture 44 ato engage a receptacle 116 (FIG. 7) in the stem 112, thereby securingthe implant sleeve 10 to the stem 112. The receptacle 116 may bethreaded to further secure the threaded fastener 48 therein. If theimplant sleeve 10 is provided with unthreaded aperture 44 b, thefastener pin 50 can be inserted through the aperture 44 b to engage thereceptacle 116 and secure the implant sleeve 10 to the stem 112. Theimplant sleeve 10 is mounted to a distal portion of the stem 112, anddoes not extend to a neck 118 of the femoral implant 110. Generally, thesleeve 10 coincides with a portion of the stem 112 to assist in securingthe stem 112 in a femur 210.

With additional reference to FIG. 8, the femoral implant 110 with theimplant sleeve 10 mounted thereto is implanted in femur 210. Prior toimplantation, an intramedullary canal 212 of the femur 210 is preparedfor receipt of the femoral implant 110 in any suitable manner, such aswith a broach or reamer. The femoral implant 110 with the implant sleeve10 mounted thereto is seated within the intramedullary canal 212 suchthat a collar 119 rests on a proximal surface of the femur 210. Withreference to FIG. 8, the implant stem 112 can be positioned proximal tothe isthmus 218 of the femur 210. Depending on the length of the stem112 and the length of the femur 210, and as further described herein,the implant sleeve 10 can also be positioned at the isthmus 218 (FIG.12) or distal to the isthmus 218 (FIG. 14).

With additional reference to FIG. 9, a compression tool is generallyillustrated at reference numeral 310. The compression tool 310 isconfigured for use in applying compressive force to the implant sleeve10 to compress the implant sleeve 10 along the longitudinal axis A. Thecompression tool 310 is rigid and includes a handle 312. The handle 312includes a base 314, from which extends a shaft 316. The shaft 316 issemi-circular to permit the shaft 316 to extend around and past the neck118 and head 120 of the femoral implant 110 and contact the annularflange 18 of the implant sleeve 10. The shaft 316 has a distal end 318.The distal end 318 has a shape and width that is complementary to theproximal flange surface 22 of the annular flange 18 to facilitatecontact between the distal end 318 and the proximal flange surface 22.

With additional reference to FIGS. 10 and 11, compression of the implantsleeve 10 with the compression tool 310 when positioned proximal to theisthmus 218 will be described. The shaft 316 of the compression tool 310is inserted into the intramedullary canal 212 so that the shaft 316makes initial contact with the annular flange 18. The compression tool310 is then driven further into the intramedullary canal 212 and againstthe annular flange 18 to compress the flange 18 along the longitudinalaxis A so that the proximal end 14 and the distal end 16 are movedcloser together. The compression tool 310 may be driven into theintramedullary canal 212 in any suitable manner, such as by hand or withan impactor (e.g. hammer) generally in the direction of arrow 320. Thecompression tool 310 is one example of a device that can be used tocompress the implant sleeve 10. Any other suitable device or method forcompressing the implant sleeve 10 can be used.

During compression of the implant sleeve 10, the first mesh portion 34and the second mesh portion 36 compress and expand generally evenlyoutward to contact and conform to the shape of interior walls 214 of theintramedullary canal 212. As a result of the contact between the firstand second mesh portions 34 and 36 and the interior walls 214, theimplant sleeve 10 is anchored and centered in the intramedullary canal212—thereby anchoring and centering the femoral implant 110 in theintramedullary canal 212, as illustrated in FIG. 11. During compressionof the implant sleeve 10, the annular flange 18, the intermediatesidewall portion 38, and the distal sidewall portion 40, do notsubstantially compress or expand relative to the mesh portions 34, 36.Thus, the stem 112 remains centered in the implant sleeve 10 due tocontact between the stem 112 and each of the inner flange surface 28 ofthe annular flange 18, the inner sidewall surface 30 of the intermediatesidewall portion 38, and the distal sidewall portion 40.

With continued reference to FIG. 11, the femoral implant 110 and theimplant sleeve 10 can be further anchored in the intramedullary canal212 with bone cement 350. The bone cement 350 is introduced into theintramedullary canal such that it surrounds the femoral implant 110 andpasses through the openings 42 a of the expanded first and second meshportions 34 and 36 of the implant sleeve 10 to form a cement mantlearound the femoral implant 110. The first mesh portion 34 and the secondmesh portion 36 serve as structural reinforcements for the bone cementmantle, which enhances the strength and longevity of the cement mantleand fixation of both the femoral implant 110 and the implant sleeve 10in the intramedullary canal 212.

The bone cement 350 can be any suitable bone cement such as Cobalt™ BoneCement sold by Biomet of Warsaw, Ind., or other bone cements includingthose sold under the trademarks Palacos®, or Simplex®. The bone cement350 can include various materials to facilitate bacterial resistance,such as any suitable antibiotic, including Gentamicin.

With additional reference to FIG. 12, the implant sleeve 10 can beimplanted at the isthmus 218 of the femur 210. Using the compressiontool 310, the implant sleeve 10 can be compressed so that the first meshportion 34 and the second mesh portion 36 compress and expand to engageand conform to the shape of the interior walls 214 of the intramedullarycanal 212 at the isthmus 218. Because the isthmus 218 is the most narrowportion of the intramedullary canal 212, compression of the sleeve 10 atthe isthmus 218 can result in more secure engagement with the interiorwalls 214, which can make bone cement unnecessary. FIG. 12 illustratesthe implant sleeve 10 implanted without bone cement.

With reference to FIGS. 13 and 14, the implant sleeve 10 can beimplanted in the intramedullary canal 212 distal to (or beyond) theisthmus 218. To implant the sleeve 10 distal to the isthmus 218, thefemoral implant 110 includes a retraction rod 122, which extends from areceptacle 124 in the neck portion 118, through the stem 112, and outfrom the distal tip 114 of the femoral implant 110. The retraction rod122 also extends beyond the distal end 16 of the sleeve 10, which isalso positioned to extend beyond the distal tip 114. The retraction rod122 includes a proximal threaded end 126, which is seated within thereceptacle 124, and a distal end 128, which is mounted to a base 130.The base 130 is connected to the distal end 16 of the implant sleeve 10.The annular flange 18 of the sleeve 10 includes the aperture 44 a, whichreceives the fastener 48 to rigidly mount the sleeve 10 to the stem 112at the annular flange 18.

The receptacle 124 is configured to receive a suitable tool forcooperating with the proximal threaded end 126, such as a ratchet 360(FIG. 13). The ratchet 360 includes a handle 362 and internal threads364. Cooperation between the threads 364 and the proximal threaded end126, and rotation of the ratchet 360 relative to the compression rod 122(FIG. 13), draws the compression rod 122 further into the receptacle 124and pushes the base 124 against the distal end 16 of the sleeve 10,which compresses and expands the sleeve 10 because the annular flange 18is fixed to the stem 112 (FIG. 14).

Thus, the implant sleeve 10 can be compressed from the distal end 16with the retraction rod 122 to avoid having to pass compression tools,such as the tool 310, beyond the isthmus 218. The retraction rod 122 canbe secured in the retracted position of FIG. 14 with, for example, a cap132 threaded onto the proximal threaded end 126.

With additional reference to FIGS. 15-17, an additional implant sleeveaccording to the present teachings is generally illustrated at referencenumber 410. The implant sleeve 410 includes numerous similarities withthe implant sleeve 10. Therefore, features of the implant sleeve 410that are similar to features of the implant sleeve 10 are designatedwith the same reference numbers, and the prime (′) symbol. Thedescription of the implant sleeve 10 also applies to the implant sleeve410 with respect to the common features.

The implant sleeve 410 includes an inner annular sidewall 412 that iscloser to the longitudinal axis A than the annular sidewall 20′. Theinner annular sidewall 412 is generally solid and does not includeopenings extending there through. The annular sidewall 20′ is connectedto the distal sidewall portion 40′, but not otherwise connected to theinner annular sidewall 412. The annular sidewall 20′ includes meshportion 34′, which defines openings 42 a′ as illustrated. The openings42 a′ extend entirely through the annular sidewall 20′, thereby makingthe annular sidewall 20′ compressible and expandable independent of theinner annular sidewall 412. The mesh portion 34′ may alternativelydefine openings 42 b′ or any other openings of a suitable size andshape.

As illustrated in FIG. 17, the femoral implant 110 is inserted in theimplant sleeve 410 such that the stem 112 abuts the inner annularsidewall 412. After the implant sleeve 410 is implanted in theintramedullary canal 212, the annular sidewall 20′ is compressed alongthe longitudinal axis A, such as with the tool 310, to force the meshportion 34′ outward and into contact with the intramedullary canal 212.The inner annular sidewall 412 is not compressed, and remains in contactwith the stem 112 to retain the stem 112 centered in the implant sleeve410. Bone cement 350 can be subsequently introduced into theintramedullary canal 212 to form a cement mantle. The bone cement 350may enter a gap 414 formed between the annular sidewall 20′ and theinner annular sidewall 412 to enhance fixation of the implant sleeve 410in the intramedullary canal.

The implant sleeve 410 can be manufactured in any suitable manner usingany suitable manufacturing device and/or technique. For example, theimplant sleeve 410 can be laser formed and/or cut from a solid metaltube. Using a laser, the openings 42 a′ can be cut in and through theannular sidewall 20′ only, without cutting openings in the inner annularsidewall 412, such that the inner annular sidewall 412 remains solid.The annular sidewall 20′ is cut and formed so that it is connected tothe distal sidewall portion 40′, but not otherwise connected to theinner annular sidewall 412. As a result, the annular sidewall 20′ isconfigured to be compressed independently of the inner annular sidewall412, such as is illustrated in FIG. 17. Also, the annular sidewall 20′with the openings 42 a′ formed therein in any suitable manner can bemanufactured separate from the remainder of the implant sleeve 410 andmounted to the distal sidewall portion 40′ in any suitable manner, suchas by welding.

While the implant sleeve 10 and the implant sleeve 410 have beendescribed herein for use with the stem 112 of femoral implant 110, theimplant sleeves 10 and 110 can be used to center any implant having astem at an implantation site, for example, a stem of a tibial tray orhumeral prosthesis.

The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided forpurposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to beexhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements or featuresof a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particularembodiment, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be usedin a selected embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described.The same may also be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to beregarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such modificationsare intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.

1. An implant sleeve operable to center an implant at an implantationsite, the implant sleeve comprising: a first end; a second end; a shapedouter sidewall between the first end and the second end; a mesh portionof the outer sidewall that defines a plurality of openings in the outersidewall; and an interior area encompassed by the outer sidewall andconfigured to receive a stem of the implant, a longitudinal axis of theimplant sleeve extends along an axial center of the interior area;wherein in response to force applied to the implant sleeve, the implantsleeve compresses and the mesh portion expands outward from thelongitudinal axis.
 2. The implant sleeve of claim 1, wherein the sleevecompresses and the mesh portion expands outward from the longitudinalaxis in response to force applied to the implant sleeve along thelongitudinal axis to one of the first end or the second end.
 3. Theimplant sleeve of claim 1, wherein the outer sidewall is tapered fromthe first end to the second end, the first end is a proximal end and thesecond end is a distal end.
 4. The implant sleeve of claim 1, whereinthe outer sidewall includes an intermediate sidewall portion between thefirst end and the second end, the intermediate sidewall portion issubstantially solid; wherein the mesh portion includes a first meshportion between the intermediate sidewall portion and the first end, anda second mesh portion between the intermediate sidewall portion and thesecond end; wherein in response to force applied to the proximal endparallel to the longitudinal axis, the intermediate sidewall portionmoves along the longitudinal axis and remains at a generally constantdistance from the longitudinal axis; and wherein the first end is aproximal end and the second end is a distal end of the implant sleeve.5. The implant sleeve of claim 1, wherein the openings include slotsextending in a distal to proximal direction.
 6. The implant sleeve ofclaim 1, wherein the outer sidewall includes a distal sidewall portionat the second end that defines a threaded aperture configured to receivea threaded fastening device.
 7. The implant sleeve of claim 1, whereinthe implant sleeve is formed entirely of a metal.
 8. The implant sleeveof claim 1, wherein the stem of the implant is a stem of a femoralimplant that includes a compression rod configured to compress theimplant sleeve from the second end, which is a distal end proximate to adistal tip of the implant.
 9. The implant sleeve of claim 1, furthercomprising a solid interior sidewall that is between the outer sidewalland the longitudinal axis, the outer sidewall is compressible andexpandable independent of the interior sidewall.
 10. An implant sleeveoperable to center an implant at an implantation site, the implantsleeve comprising: a rigid first end portion at a first end of theimplant sleeve; an annular sidewall extending from the rigid first endportion to a second end of the implant sleeve, the annular sidewalldefining an interior area of the implant sleeve that is configured toreceive a stem of the implant; a rigid second end portion at the secondend of the implant sleeve; an aperture defined by one of the rigid firstend portion and the rigid second end portion that is configured toreceive a fastener there through to secure the implant sleeve to thestem; and a mesh portion forming a portion of the annular sidewallbetween the rigid first end portion and the rigid second end portion,the mesh portion expands outward from a longitudinal axis of theinterior area in response to a compression force applied to one of therigid first end portion or the rigid second end portion.
 11. The implantsleeve of claim 10, wherein the mesh portion expands outward from thelongitudinal axis in response to a compression force applied along thelongitudinal axis to a rigid annular flange at the rigid first endportion.
 12. The implant sleeve of claim 10, wherein the interior areais tapered from the rigid first end portion to the rigid second endportion.
 13. The implant sleeve of claim 10, wherein the rigid first endportion and the rigid second end portion remain at a constant distancefrom the longitudinal axis as the implant sleeve is compressed inresponse to the compression force.
 14. The implant sleeve of claim 10,wherein the implant sleeve is formed entirely of a metal.
 15. Theimplant sleeve of claim 10, wherein the implantation site includes anintramedullary canal of a femur and the implant includes a femoralimplant configured to be secured in the intramedullary canal.
 16. Amethod for centering a stem of an implant at an implantation sitecomprising: implanting at the implantation site the implant having asleeve rigidly mounted to the stem of the implant, the stem extendsthrough an interior area of the sleeve; and compressing the sleeve byapplying force to the sleeve to expand a mesh portion of the sleeveoutward from the stem and into engagement with sidewalls of theimplantation site to thereby center the stem at the implantation site.17. The method of claim 16, further comprising implanting the implant inan intramedullary canal of a femur; and forming a bone cement mantlearound the stem and the sleeve, the cement mantle is reinforced by thesleeve.
 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising compressing theimplant with a compression tool including a handle and a semi-circularshaft with a distal portion, the distal portion has a size and shapethat corresponds to a proximal surface of an annular flange of thesleeve.
 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising securing thesleeve to the stem with a fastener extending through a sidewall portionof the sleeve.
 20. The method of claim 16, further comprisingcompressing the sleeve by applying force to one of a proximal end of thesleeve or a distal end of the sleeve.